Investigation Into The Use Of Sewage Sludge As A Geo-Polymer In The Construction Sector (2016)
Sewage Sludge Geo-Polymer in Construction Dissertation – The construction industry is a great consumer of resources and materials, which makes it a sector with an enormous potential for the use of waste materials generated by its own activities and those from other sectors. The use of such waste materials allows decreasing the energy consumption. Hence, prevents non-renewable natural resources which will further reduce the high amount of material going to landfill.
On the other hand, the cement industry, consumes the largest amount of CO2 emissions, technical, economical and legal challenges against the widespread implementations of procedures to help mitigate this situation. Although industrial wastes in cementitious materials is relatively low to avoid unacceptable performance loss.
Novel methods such as improving hydraulic activities of metallurgical slags is used by adding composition adjusting material at high temperature, improving surface cementitious properties of sludge ash by dehydration and rehydration treatment. These methods provide more effective approach to prepare high performance blended cements with larger amount of industrial wastes, leading to a very significant role in CO2 emissions reducing, resources and energy conservation of cement industry.
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) has been a very satisfactory hydraulic binder for many years; however, with time, numerous issues have ascended. OPC production consumes high quantities of material, is highly energy-intensive and leads to high emissions of greenhouse gases i.e. CO2. Moreover, most of the concrete structures have exhibited early distress, which has an adverse effect on the resource productivity of the industry. Again, Sulphur dioxide emissions can be extremely high, depending on the type of fuel that has been consumed.
- 12,000 words – 94 pages in length
- Excellent use of literature
- Excellent analysis of subject area
- Well written throughout
- Ideal for civil engineering students
1 – Introduction
Water Aspects
Effects of Wastewater Pollutant
Global Urbanization of Society
2 – Literature Review
Embodied Impact of Materials
Embodied Carbon in Construction Material
Calculation of Embodied Carbon
Reducing Embodied Carbon
Alternative Building Material
Current Application of Alternative Material
Concrete Composition
Energy Requirements
Solid Waste Production
Sustainable Concrete
Pulverised Fly Ash (PFA)
Benefits of PFA
Limitations
Activated Sewage Sludge
Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plant
Activated Sewage Sludge in the Construction Industry
Characterisation of the sewage sludge/ biomass ash composite (SAC)
Raw Materials
Effect of Milling on Incinerated Sewage Sludge
Chemical Composition of Bottom Ash
X-ray Diffraction of Fresh Activated Sewage Sludge
X-ray Diffraction of Bottom Ash after Incineration
Geo-polymer
Materials classed as a Geo-polymer
Chemical Reaction that Occurs within a Geo-polymer
Curing Requirement of Geo-polymer based composite
Parameters Influencing the Strength of a Geo-polymer based Composite
Ordinary Portland Cement versus Geo-Polymer Cement
Strength of geo-polymers
Development of Geo-polymers
Applications of Geo-polymer
Activated Sewage Sludge Geo-polymer
Potential Applications for ISSA
Advantages and Disadvantages of ISSA
Process stages of the plant
Slough Wastewater Treatment Plant
Chelmsford Wastewater Treatment Plant
Treviso and Carbonera Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Italy
Incineration Process
Calcination Process
Testing Processes
Compressive Strength
Flexural Bending Strength
Sulphuric Acid Attack Test
Further Testing Procedures
3 – Health and Safety
4 – Material Selection
5 – Methodology and Materials
Materials
Fresh Activated Sewage Sludge to Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash
Fine Aggregate
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Sodium Silicate Na2SiO3
Water
Specimen Preparation
Mortar Making
Mixture Design
Specimen Making Procedure
Specimen Curing
Testing Process
Flexural Bending
Compressive Strength
Acid Penetration Test
X-ray Diffraction
Throughout this conducted research, the following aims were required through the use of XRD: X-ray Fluorescence
Errors
Human Errors
Equipment Errors
Expectations
6 – Results and Discussion
Treviso and Carbonera Wastewater Treatment Plant, Italy
Flexural Bending
Compressive Strength
Chelmsford Wastewater Treatment Plant, Essex, England
Flexural Bending
Compressive Strength
Slough Wastewater Treatment Plant, Berkshire, England
Flexural Bending
Compressive Strength
Acid Penetration Test
Comparison of all Three Wastewater Treatment Plants
Flexural Bending
Compressive Strength
Flexural Strength versus Curing Duration
Compressive Strength versus Curing Duration
7 – Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix Section
